INDONESIA'S ECONOMIC REVIEW

 

The Background

 
 

Indonesia with a population of over 200 million is currently the fourth most populous nation in the world after China, India, and the US. Traditionally an agriculture economy, Indonesia has substantial nickel, gold, copper, tin, and coal deposits, and possesses one of the world's largest tropical rain forest. In addition, it is a major producer of oil and is the world's largest exporter of liquefied natural gas (LNG). In the last several years, it has been expanding and diversifying its industrial processing and manufacturing sector and reducing its reliance on the oil and gas sector.

Since the currency crisis hit Southeast Asia in July of 1997, the national economic growth has slowed down. However, the Indonesian government has projected substantial economic growth. Private sectors and independent economic analysts have expressed confidence for a promising indication on Indonesia's economic recovery.

According to Asian Development Bank, although economic growth in Indonesia is likely to decline slightly in 2002, registering a GDP growth rate of 3% compared to 3.3% in 2001, there will be brighter prospects in overseas markets in 2002-2003. Continued progress on economic reforms and prudent fiscal and monetary policies will trigger a modest rise in GDP growth to 3.6% in 2003.

Today the government is implementing an economic agenda, which includes the realization of natural and stable exchange rate of the Rupiah currency, control interest rate and inflation, reconstruction and improvement of the banking system, legal and judicial reform, and regeneration of production activities, especially those based on the people's economy and export oriented. Indonesia has developed industrial economy and small and medium enterprises (SMEs), especially for handicraft, furniture, food, textiles and garment, farming and fishery.


Government to give tax cuts, incentives for businesses.

The government will provide a tax cut facility and other incentives to the business sector as compensation for the increase in utility rates.
The incentives were promised by Minister of Finance Boediono during a meeting between business leaders and Vice President Hamzah Haz and other senior economic ministers on Wednesday afternoon. Boediono said that the tax office was considering reducing luxury tax on some 20 product items.
"This is a fairly good signal although it is not our primary demand. What we fought for is for the government to cancel the utility rate' hikes," Sofjan Wanandi, a businessman and chairman of the National Economic Recovery Committee (KPEN), told The Jakarta Post after the meeting.

He said that among the 20 product items were televisions, mobile phones, food and beverages, most of which were no longer considered luxury items.
Some 150 businessmen under the Indonesian Chamber of Commerce and Industry (Kadin), a powerful business lobby, participated in the meeting, which was also joined by Coordinating Minister for the Economy Dorodjatun Kuntjoro-Jakti, Coordinating Minister for People's Welfare Jusuf Kalla, and Minister of Energy and Mineral Resources Purnomo Yusgiantoro.
In a press conference prior to the meeting, Kadin chairman Aburizal Bakrie said that in addition to calling for a cancellation in the increase in utility charges, the businessmen were also seeking incentives from the government to help the business sector, hit by various uncertainties and problems at home.

The government raised fuel prices, electricity rates, and telephone charges earlier this month as part of efforts to cut expensive subsidies and help ailing state-owned utilities. But many businesses have complained that the price hikes would cause production costs to increase and create difficulties for them amid the weakening purchasing power of consumers.
During the meeting Dorodjatun told the businessmen that the government could not delay or cancel the increase in utility rates especially now that the government was close to meeting with the country's traditional foreign donors grouped under the Consultative Group on Indonesia (CGI), which will convene in Bali on Jan. 21. He added that the policy was part of a program made in agreement with the International Monetary Fund before the country could end the Fund's economic program at the end of 2003.

The government's planned incentives were announced a day before a joint demonstration planned by workers and employers in Jakarta, which will be the largest demonstration since the protests started three days ago.
Sofjan said that the joint rally would still take place despite the promised incentives.
Elsewhere, Sofjan said that the government also promised to cut bureaucratic procedures at the custom's office to allow export-oriented industries to be able to get a refund within seven days on the duties they paid when importing raw materials.
Currently most companies have to wait too long to get the refund, costing them potential interest on the funds.
Furthermore, the government and the businessmen will set up a joint task force chaired by Dorodjatun and Jusuf to identify problems that have created a high cost economy. This includes the elimination of illegal levies charged by corrupt bureaucrats and hoodlums.
The government, said Sofjan, had also decided to allocate some Rp 10 trillion worth of funds from the state budget to finance an economic stimulus program. The funds would be channeled into fisheries, agriculture and manufacturing.
Details of the compensation and list of high cost items will be discussed further on Friday by the team.


Priority agendas for the Indonesian Economy in the Year 2003.

Press Release : for Immediate Release

January 14, 2003

The coordination meeting of Ministers within the Economic Compartment today discussed and addressed "Priority Agendas for the Indonesian Economy in the year 2003". The meeting was chaired by the Coordinating Minister for Economic Affairs and attended by the Minister for Foreign Affairs, Minister for Energy and Mines, Menteri for Small and Medium Enterprises, Minister for Eastern Indonesia, Minister for Manpower and Transmigration, Minister for Infrastructure and representatives of all related departments and fields.

Coordinating Minister Dorodjatun Kuntjoro-Jakti stated that the priority agendas had been discussed at the Cabinet meeting earlier this month which are:

To promote investment, non-oil and gas exports and increase job opportunities;
To manage domestic and foreign debt to support fiscal sustainability:
To prepare an exit strategy after the completion of the IMF program at the end of 2003;
To manage recapitalization debt.
To maintain, rehabilitate and develop vital infrastructure.

These priorities are based on the understanding that despite macroeconomic improvements and monetary stability in 2001 and 2002, the real sector has not realized a tangible benefit as of yet. This has mainly been the result of constraints and technical problems at the micro and operational levels that inevitably result in a high-cost economy. These problems are:

Lengthy and costly procedures for new business operations, particularly long startup time and high startup cost;
Taxation procedures and administration;
Customs procedures and administration;
Weak conditions in the component and spare-part industries, as well as in the underutilized outsourcing and subcontracting potential domestically;
Manpower related issues;
High debt load presently existing within companies;
Bank intermediacy roles in channeling credit that is still unsatisfactory;

Rule of law issues;
Security issues;
Issues related to local regulations;
Issues related to environmental concerns;
Smuggling issues;
Corruption, Collusion and Nepotism (KKN) practices that are still prevalent.
In implementing these priority agendas, the Government will:
Establish a National Team on Investment and Non-Oil and Gas Exports chaired by the President;
Establishment of a Coordinating Team consisting of the Coordinating Minister for Economy, Minister of Finance and the Governor of Bank Indonesia to formulate an exit strategy after the completion of the IMF program at the end of 2003.
Minister Dorodjatun Kuntjoro-Jakti stated that the establishment of the teams was presented to the business community yesterday, who gave their support and trust in the hope that these teams will be more effective in overcoming the micro and operational problems as opposed to several earlier initiatives.


Government expects non-oil exports up 5% this year.
JAKARTA (JP): The government expects non-oil and gasexports to rise 5% this year to $47.3 billion from about $45 billion last year, Dow Jones reported.
Diah Maulida, head of the National Agency for Export Development, said Tuesday the government will try to open new markets for Indonesian goods in "nontraditional markets such as Africa, the Middle East and East Asia."
Indonesia's exports - which used to enjoy double-digit growth - are hurting from rising competition from other Asian countries, particularly China, as wellas by the economic slowdown in key export destinations, such as the U.S., Japan and Europe.
Indonesia's non-oil and gas exports rose just 1.9% in the January-November period of last year to $41.1 billion, compared with $40.3 billion a year earlier.
Diah told reporters the government will open trade promotion centers in Hamburg, Germany, Guangzhou in China, Johannesburg in South Africa and Sao Paulo inBrazil this year to help boost Indonesian exports to these countries.

 



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